SAPONIFICATION
saponification
(noun) a chemical reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali (especially the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap)
Source: WordNet® 3.1
Etymology
Noun
saponification (countable and uncountable, plural saponifications)
(chemistry) The hydrolysis of an ester under basic conditions to form an alcohol and the salt of the acid.
The reaction of a metallic alkali (base) with a fat or oil to form soap.
Source: Wiktionary
Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. saponification. See Saponify.]
Definition: The act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into
soap; specifically (Chem.), the decomposition of fats and other
ethereal salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl acetate.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition