In 1884, Angelo Moriondo of Turin, Italy, demonstrated the first working example of an espresso machine.
RIGOROUS
rigorous, stringent, tight
(adjective) demanding strict attention to rules and procedures; “rigorous discipline”; “tight security”; “stringent safety measures”
rigorous, strict
(adjective) rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard; “rigorous application of the law”; “a strict vegetarian”
Source: WordNet® 3.1
Etymology
Adjective
rigorous (comparative more rigorous, superlative most rigorous)
Showing, causing, or favoring rigour; scrupulously accurate or strict; thorough.
Severe; intense.
Synonyms
• (showing, causing or favoring rigor): painstaking, scrupulous; see also meticulous
• (severe; intense): harsh, strict; see also stern
Antonyms
• (severe; intense): arbitrary, capricious, whimsical
Source: Wiktionary
Rig"or*ous, a. Etym: [F. rigoureux, LL. rigorosus. See Rigor.]
1. Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement or mitigation; scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe; relentless; as, a rigorous officer of justice; a rigorous execution of law; a rigorous definition or demonstration. He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock With rigorous hands. Shak. We do not connect the scattered phenomena into their rigorous unity. De Quincey.
2. Severe; intense; inclement; as, a rigorous winter.
3. Violent. [Obs.] "Rigorous uproar." Spenser.
Syn.
– Rigid; inflexible; unyielding; stiff; severe; austere; stern; harsh; strict; exact.
– Rig"or*ous*ly, adv.
– Rig"or*ous*ness, n.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
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17 April 2025
SPONGE
(noun) a porous mass of interlacing fibers that forms the internal skeleton of various marine animals and usable to absorb water or any porous rubber or cellulose product similarly used
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