In 1884, Angelo Moriondo of Turin, Italy, demonstrated the first working example of an espresso machine.
reprisal
(noun) a retaliatory action against an enemy in wartime
Source: WordNet® 3.1
reprisal (countable and uncountable, plural reprisals)
An act of retaliation.
(archaic) Something taken from an enemy in retaliation.
(archaic) The act of taking something from an enemy by way of retaliation or indemnity.
• See also revenge
• Parliers, sarplier
Source: Wiktionary
Re*pris"al (r-priz"al), n. Etym: [F. repr, It. ripresaglia, rappresaglia, LL. reprensaliae, fr. L. reprehendere, reprehensum. See Reprehend, Reprise.]
1. The act of taking from an enemy by way of reteliation or indemnity. Debatable ground, on which incursions and reprisals continued to take place. Macaulay.
2. Anything taken from an enemy in retaliation.
3. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffering or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation for an act of inhumanity. Vattel (Trans. )
4. Any act of retaliation. Waterland. Letters of marque and reprisal. See under Marque.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
12 May 2025
(adjective) not tried or tested by experience; “unseasoned artillery volunteers”; “still untested in battle”; “an illustrator untried in mural painting”; “a young hand at plowing”
In 1884, Angelo Moriondo of Turin, Italy, demonstrated the first working example of an espresso machine.