complicate, refine, rarify, elaborate
(verb) make more complex, intricate, or richer; “refine a design or pattern”
refine
(verb) make more precise or increase the discriminatory powers of; “refine a method of analysis”; “refine the constant in the equation”
refine
(verb) attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or intensity by polishing or purifying; “many valuable nutrients are refined out of the foods in our modern diet”
polish, refine, fine-tune, down
(verb) improve or perfect by pruning or polishing; “refine one’s style of writing”
refine, rectify
(verb) reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities; “refine sugar”
refine
(verb) treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; “refine paper stock”; “refine pig iron”; “refine oil”
Source: WordNet® 3.1
refine (third-person singular simple present refines, present participle refining, simple past and past participle refined)
(transitive) To purify; reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities.
(intransitive) To become pure; to be cleared of impure matter.
(transitive) To purify of coarseness, vulgarity, inelegance, etc.; to polish.
(ambitransitive) To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence.
(transitive) To make nice or subtle.
• Feiner, enfire, ferine, fineer
Source: Wiktionary
Re*fine" (r*fn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refined (-find"); p. pr. & vb. n. Refining.] Etym: [Pref. re- + fine to make fine: cf. F. raffiner.]
1. To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar. I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined. Zech. xiii. 9.
2. To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish; as, to refine the manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral feelings. Love refines The thoughts, and heart enlarges. Milton.
Syn.
– To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble.
Re*fine", v. i.
1. To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter. So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains, Works itself clear, and, as it runs, refines. Addison.
2. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence. Chaucer refined on Boccace, and mended his stories. Dryden. But let a lord once own the happy lines, How the wit brightens! How the style refines! Pope.
3. To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language. "He makes another paragraph about our refining in controversy." Atterbury.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
28 May 2025
(noun) a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing; “an air of mystery”; “the house had a neglected air”; “an atmosphere of defeat pervaded the candidate’s headquarters”; “the place had an aura of romance”
The first coffee-house in Mecca dates back to the 1510s. The beverage was in Turkey by the 1530s. It appeared in Europe circa 1515-1519 and was introduced to England by 1650. By 1675 the country had more than 3,000 coffee houses, and coffee had replaced beer as a breakfast drink.
