In 1884, Angelo Moriondo of Turin, Italy, demonstrated the first working example of an espresso machine.
pleonastic, redundant, tautologic, tautological
(adjective) repetition of same sense in different words; ââa true factâ and âa free giftâ are pleonastic expressionsâ; âthe phrase âa beginner who has just startedâ is tautologicalâ; âat the risk of being redundant I return to my original propositionâ- J.B.Conant
excess, extra, redundant, spare, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, surplus
(adjective) more than is needed, desired, or required; âtrying to lose excess weightâ; âfound some extra change lying on the dresserâ; âyet another book on heraldry might be thought redundantâ; âskills made redundant by technological advanceâ; âsleeping in the spare roomâ; âsupernumerary ornamentationâ; âit was supererogatory of her to gloatâ; âdelete superfluous (or unnecessary) wordsâ; âextra ribs as well as other supernumerary internal partsâ; âsurplus cheese distributed to the needyâ
Source: WordNet® 3.1
redundant (comparative more redundant, superlative most redundant)
Superfluous; exceeding what is necessary.
(of words, writing, etc) Repetitive or needlessly wordy.
(chiefly, British, NZ, AU) Dismissed from employment because no longer needed.
Duplicating or able to duplicate the function of another component of a system, providing backup in the event the other component fails.
• non-redundant
• (dismissed from employment): surplus to requirements
Source: Wiktionary
Re*dun"dant (-dant), a. Etym: [L. redundans, -antis, p. pr. of redundare: cf. F. redondant. See Redound.]
1. Exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; as, a redundant quantity of bile or food. Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they do not increase fat so much as flesh. Arbuthnot.
2. Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful; pleonastic. Where an suthor is redundant, mark those paragraphs to be retrenched. I. Watts.
Syn.
– Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant; overflowing; plentiful; copious.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
2 April 2025
(adjective) secret or hidden; not openly practiced or engaged in or shown or avowed; âcovert actions by the CIAâ; âcovert funding for the rebelsâ
In 1884, Angelo Moriondo of Turin, Italy, demonstrated the first working example of an espresso machine.