There are four varieties of commercially viable coffee: Arabica, Liberica, Excelsa, and Robusta. Growers predominantly plant the Arabica species. Although less popular, Robusta tastes slightly more bitter and contains more caffeine.
arduous, backbreaking, grueling, gruelling, hard, heavy, laborious, operose, punishing, toilsome
(adjective) characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort; “worked their arduous way up the mining valley”; “a grueling campaign”; “hard labor”; “heavy work”; “heavy going”; “spent many laborious hours on the project”; “set a punishing pace”
Source: WordNet® 3.1
laborious (comparative more laborious, superlative most laborious)
Requiring much physical effort; toilsome.
Mentally difficult; painstaking.
Industrious.
• (requiring effort): painstaking, toilsome, worksome
Source: Wiktionary
La*bo"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. laboriosus,fr. labor labor: cf. F. laborieux.]
1. Requiring labor, perseverance, or sacrifices; toilsome; tiresome. Dost thou love watchings, abstinence, or toil, Laborious virtues all Learn these from Cato. Addison.
2. Devoted to labor; diligent; industrious; as, a laborious mechanic.
– La*bo"ri*ous*ly, adv.
– La*bo"ri*ous*ness, n.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
4 April 2025
(verb) kill by cutting the head off with a guillotine; “The French guillotined many Vietnamese while they occupied the country”
There are four varieties of commercially viable coffee: Arabica, Liberica, Excelsa, and Robusta. Growers predominantly plant the Arabica species. Although less popular, Robusta tastes slightly more bitter and contains more caffeine.