There are four varieties of commercially viable coffee: Arabica, Liberica, Excelsa, and Robusta. Growers predominantly plant the Arabica species. Although less popular, Robusta tastes slightly more bitter and contains more caffeine.
gruff, hoarse, husky
(adjective) deep and harsh sounding as if from shouting or illness or emotion; “gruff voices”; “the dog’s gruff barking”; “hoarse cries”; “makes all the instruments sound powerful but husky”- Virgil Thomson
Source: WordNet® 3.1
hoarse (comparative hoarser, superlative hoarsest)
Having a dry, harsh tone to the voice, as a result of a sore throat, age, emotion, etc.
• ahorse, ashore, hearos, shoare
Source: Wiktionary
Hoarse, a. [Compar. Hoarser, superl. Hoarsest.] Etym: [OE. hors, also hos, has, AS. has; akin to D. heesch, G. heiser, Icel. hass, Dan. hæs, Sw. hes. Cf. Prov. E. heazy.]
1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a rough, harsh cry or sound; as, the hoarse raven. The hoarse resounding shore. Dryden.
2. Harsh; grating; discordant; -- said of any sound.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
27 May 2025
(noun) the property of being directional or maintaining a direction; “the directionality of written English is from left to right”
There are four varieties of commercially viable coffee: Arabica, Liberica, Excelsa, and Robusta. Growers predominantly plant the Arabica species. Although less popular, Robusta tastes slightly more bitter and contains more caffeine.