grounden
(archaic) past participle of grind
Source: Wiktionary
Ground"en, obs.
Definition: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.
Grind, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ground; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.] Etym: [AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.]
1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones. Take the millstones, and grind meal. Is. xivii. 2.
2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.
3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass. To grind the subject or defraud the prince. Dryden.
4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]
Grind, v. i.
1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones. Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind. Milton.
2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds well.
3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.
4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. Farrar.
Grind, n.
1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.
3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
1 May 2024
(verb) be in a state of movement or action; “The room abounded with screaming children”; “The garden bristled with toddlers”
The first coffee-house in Mecca dates back to the 1510s. The beverage was in Turkey by the 1530s. It appeared in Europe circa 1515-1519 and was introduced to England by 1650. By 1675 the country had more than 3,000 coffee houses, and coffee had replaced beer as a breakfast drink.
