EIGENVALUE
eigenvalue, eigenvalue of a matrix, eigenvalue of a square matrix, characteristic root of a square matrix
(noun) (mathematics) any number such that a given square matrix minus that number times the identity matrix has a zero determinant
Source: WordNet® 3.1
Etymology
Noun
eigenvalue (plural eigenvalues)
(linear algebra) A scalar, , such that there exists a non-zero vector (a corresponding eigenvector) for which the image of under a given linear operator is equal to the image of under multiplication by ; i.e. .
The eigenvalues of a square transformation matrix may be found by solving .
Usage notes
When unqualified, as in the above example, eigenvalue conventionally refers to a right eigenvalue, characterised by for some right eigenvector . Left eigenvalues, characterised by also exist with associated left eigenvectors . (In consequence of the equations, left eigenvectors are row vectors, while right eigenvectors are column vectors.) The convention of right eigenvector as "standard" is fundamentally an arbitrary choice.
Synonyms
• (scalar multiplier of an eigenvector): characteristic root, characteristic value, eigenroot, latent value, proper value
Source: Wiktionary