ANTONOMASIA
Etymology
Noun
antonomasia (countable and uncountable, plural antonomasias)
(rhetoric) The substitution of an epithet or title in place of a proper noun.
(rhetoric) Use of a proper name to suggest its most obvious quality or aspect.
Source: Wiktionary
An`to*no*ma"si*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)
Definition: The use of some epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or
the like, instead of the proper name of the person; as when his
majesty is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say,
the philosopher; or, conversely, the use of a proper name instead of
an appellative, as when a wise man is called a Solomon, or an eminent
orator a Cicero.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition