In 1884, Angelo Moriondo of Turin, Italy, demonstrated the first working example of an espresso machine.
SUBJECT
subject
(adjective) likely to be affected by something; “the bond is subject to taxation”; “he is subject to fits of depression”
subject, dependent
(adjective) being under the power or sovereignty of another or others; “subject peoples”; “a dependent prince”
capable, open, subject
(adjective) possibly accepting or permitting; “a passage capable of misinterpretation”; “open to interpretation”; “an issue open to question”; “the time is fixed by the director and players and therefore subject to much variation”
subject, content, depicted object
(noun) something (a person or object or scene) selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation; “a moving picture of a train is more dramatic than a still picture of the same subject”
topic, subject, issue, matter
(noun) some situation or event that is thought about; “he kept drifting off the topic”; “he had been thinking about the subject for several years”; “it is a matter for the police”
discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick
(noun) a branch of knowledge; “in what discipline is his doctorate?”; “teachers should be well trained in their subject”; “anthropology is the study of human beings”
subject
(noun) (grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated
subject
(noun) (logic) the first term of a proposition
subject, topic, theme
(noun) the subject matter of a conversation or discussion; “he didn’t want to discuss that subject”; “it was a very sensitive topic”; “his letters were always on the theme of love”
national, subject
(noun) a person who owes allegiance to that nation; “a monarch has a duty to his subjects”
subject, case, guinea pig
(noun) a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation; “the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly”; “the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities”
subject
(verb) make accountable for; “He did not want to subject himself to the judgments of his superiors”
subject
(verb) cause to experience or suffer or make liable or vulnerable to; “He subjected me to his awful poetry”; “The sergeant subjected the new recruits to many drills”; “People in Chernobyl were subjected to radiation”
subjugate, subject
(verb) make subservient; force to submit or subdue
Source: WordNet® 3.1
Etymology 1
Adjective
subject (comparative more subject, superlative most subject)
Likely to be affected by or to experience something.
Conditional upon.
Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation.
Placed under the power of another; owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state.
Etymology 2
Noun
subject (plural subjects)
(grammar) In a clause: the word or word group (usually a noun phrase) that is dealt with. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the subject and the actor are usually the same.
An actor; one who takes action.
The main topic of a paper, work of art, discussion, field of study, etc.
A particular area of study.
A citizen in a monarchy.
A person ruled over by another, especially a monarch or state authority.
(music) The main theme or melody, especially in a fugue.
A human, animal or an inanimate object that is being examined, treated, analysed, etc.
(philosophy) A being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or a relationship with another entity.
(logic) That of which something is stated.
(math) The variable in terms of which an expression is defined.
Synonyms
• (discussion): matter, topic
Etymology 3
Verb
subject (third-person singular simple present subjects, present participle subjecting, simple past and past participle subjected)
(transitive, construed with to) To cause (someone or something) to undergo a particular experience, especially one that is unpleasant or unwanted.
(transitive) To make subordinate or subservient; to subdue or enslave.
Synonyms
• underbring
Source: Wiktionary
Sub*ject", a. Etym: [OE. suget, OF. souzget, sougit (in which the first part is L. subtus below, fr. sub under), subgiet, subject, F. sujet, from L. subjectus lying under, subjected, p.p. of subjicere, subicere, to throw, lay, place, or bring under; sub under + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]
1. Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. Placed under the power of another; specifically (International Law), owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state; as, Jamaica is subject to Great Britain. Esau was never subject to Jacob. Locke.
3. Exposed; liable; prone; disposed; as, a country subject to extreme heat; men subject to temptation. All human things are subject to decay. Dryden.
4. Obedient; submissive. Put them in mind to be subject to principalities. Titus iii. 1.
Syn.
– Liable; subordinate; inferior; obnoxious; exposed. See Liable.
Sub*ject", n. Etym: [From L. subjectus, through an old form of F. sujet. See Subject, a.]
1. That which is placed under the authority, dominion, control, or influence of something else.
2. Specifically: One who is under the authority of a ruler and is governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a sovereign or a sovereign state; as, a subject of Queen Victoria; a British subject; a subject of the United States. Was never subject longed to be a king, As I do long and wish to be a subject. Shak. The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, human laws require it. Swift.
Note: In international law, the term subject is convertible with citizen.
3. That which is subjected, or submitted to, any physical operation or process; specifically (Anat.), a dead body used for the purpose of dissection.
4. That which is brought under thought or examination; that which is taken up for discussion, or concerning which anything is said or done. "This subject for heroic song." Milton. Make choice of a subject, beautiful and noble, which . . . shall afford an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate. Dryden. The unhappy subject of these quarrels. Shak.
5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece; the chief character. Writers of particular lives . . . are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject. C. Middleton.
6. (Logic & Gram.)
Definition: That of which anything is affirmed or predicated; the theme of a proposition or discourse; that which is spoken of; as, the nominative case is the subject of the verb. The subject of a proposition is that concerning which anything is affirmed or denied. I. Watts.
7. That in which any quality, attribute, or relation, whether spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any of these appertain; substance; substratum. That which manifests its qualities -- in other words, that in which the appearing causes inhere, that to which they belong -- is called their subject or substance, or substratum. Sir W. Hamilton.
8. Hence, that substance or being which is conscious of its own operations; the mind; the thinking agent or principal; the ego. Cf. Object, n., 2. The philosophers of mind have, in a manner, usurped and appropriated this expression to themselves. Accordingly, in their hands, the phrases conscious or thinking subject, and subject, mean precisely the same thing. Sir W. Hamilton.
9. (Mus.)
Definition: The principal theme, or leading thought or phrase, on which a composition or a movement is based. The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song. Rockstro.
10. (Fine Arts)
Definition: The incident, scene, figure, group, etc., which it is the aim of the artist to represent.
Sub*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjected; p. pr. & vb. n. Subjecting.]
1. To bring under control, power, or dominion; to make subject; to subordinate; to subdue. Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the rule of right reason. C. Middleton. In one short view subjected to our eye, Gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties, lie. Pope. He is the most subjected, the most Locke.
2. To expose; to make obnoxious or liable; as, credulity subjects a person to impositions.
3. To submit; to make accountable. God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of our thoughts. Locke.
4. To make subservient. Subjected to his service angel wings. Milton.
5. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject a person to a rigid test.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
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