An article published in Harvard Menâs Health Watch in 2012 shows heavy coffee drinkers live longer. The researchers examined data from 400,000 people and found out that men who drank six or more coffee cups per day had a 10% lower death rate.
ROUGH
pugnacious, rough
(adjective) ready and able to resort to force or violence; âpugnacious spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbanceâ- Herman Melville; âthey were rough and determined fighting menâ
grating, gravelly, rasping, raspy, rough, scratchy
(adjective) unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound; âa gravelly voiceâ
boisterous, fierce, rough
(adjective) violently agitated and turbulent; âboisterous winds and wavesâ; âthe fierce thunders roar me their musicâ- Ezra Pound; ârough weatherâ; ârough seasâ
uncut, rough
(adjective) not shaped by cutting or trimming; âan uncut diamondâ; ârough gemstonesâ
rocky, rough
(adjective) full of hardship or trials; âthe rocky road to successâ; âthey were having a rough timeâ
approximate, approximative, rough
(adjective) not quite exact or correct; âthe approximate time was 10 oâclockâ; âa rough guessâ; âa ballpark estimateâ
harsh, rough
(adjective) unkind or cruel or uncivil; âhad harsh wordsâ; âa harsh and unlovable old tyrantâ; âa rough answerâ
harsh, rough
(adjective) unpleasantly stern; âwild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactusâ; âthe nomad life is rough and hazardousâ
rough
(adjective) not perfected; âa rough draftâ; âa few rough sketchesâ
rough
(adjective) (of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse; âshe was a diamond in the roughâ; ârough mannersâ
crude, rough
(adjective) not carefully or expertly made; âmanaged to make a crude splintâ; âa crude cabin of logs with bark still on themâ; ârough carpentryâ
rough, unsmooth
(adjective) having or caused by an irregular surface; âtrees with rough barkâ; ârough groundâ; ârough skinâ; ârough blanketsâ; âhis unsmooth faceâ
rough, rocky, bumpy, jolty, jolting, jumpy
(adjective) causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements; âa rough rideâ
rough
(adjective) of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped
roughly, rough
(adverb) with rough motion as over a rough surface; âride roughâ
roughly, rough
(adverb) with roughness or violence (âroughâ is an informal variant for âroughlyâ); âhe was pushed roughly asideâ; âthey treated him roughâ
rough
(noun) the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short
Source: WordNet® 3.1
Proper noun
Rough (plural Roughs)
A surname.
Statistics
• According to the 2010 United States Census, Rough is the 31516th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 734 individuals. Rough is most common among White (89.92%) individuals.
Etymology
Adjective
rough (comparative rougher, superlative roughest)
Not smooth; uneven.
Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
Turbulent.
Difficult; trying.
Crude; unrefined
Violent; not careful or subtle
Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
Not polished; uncut; said of a gem.
Harsh-tasting.
(chiefly, UK, colloquial, slang) Somewhat ill; sick
(chiefly, UK, colloquial, slang) Unwell due to alcohol; hungover
Antonyms
• smooth
Noun
rough (plural roughs)
The unmowed part of a golf course.
A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
(cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
(obsolete) Boisterous weather.
A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.
Verb
rough (third-person singular simple present roughs, present participle roughing, simple past and past participle roughed)
To create in an approximate form.
(ice hockey) To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
To render rough; to roughen.
To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
To endure primitive conditions.
(transitive) To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
Adverb
rough (comparative more rough, superlative most rough)
In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
Source: Wiktionary
Rough, a. [Compar. Rougher; superl. Roughest.] Etym: [OE. rou, rou, row, rugh, ruh, AS. r; akin to LG. rug, D. rug, D. ruig, ruw, OHG. r, G. rauh, rauch; cf. Lith. raukas wrinkle, rukti to wrinkle. sq. root 18. Cf. Rug, n.]
1. Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth. Specifically: (a) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or of a road. "Rough, uneven ways." Shak. (b) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond. (c) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of water. More unequal than the roughest sea. T. Burnet.
(d) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat. "A visage rough." Dryden. "Roughsatyrs." Milton.
2. Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish. Specifically: (a) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough temper. A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough. Shak. A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds. Prior.
(b) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures or actions. On the rough edge of battle. Milton. A quicker and rougher remedy. Clarendon. Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which rough and imperious usage often produces. Locke.
(c) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers. Pope. (d) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine. (e) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day. He stayeth his rough wind. Isa. xxvii. 8. Time and the hour runs through the roughest day. Shak.
(f) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught. Rough diamond, an uncut diamond; hence, colloquially, a person of intrinsic worth under a rude exterior.
– Rough and ready. (a) Acting with offhand promptness and efficiency. "The rough and ready understanding." Lowell. (b) Produced offhand. "Some rough and ready theory." Tylor.
Rough, n.
1. Boisterous weather. [Obs.] Fletcher.
2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy. In the rough, in an unwrought or rude condition; unpolished; as, a diamond or a sketch in the rough. Contemplating the people in the rough. Mrs. Browning.
Rough, adv.
Definition: In a rough manner; rudely; roughly. Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their boats. Sir W. Scott.
Rough, v. t.
1. To render rough; to roughen.
2. To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes. Crabb.
3. To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough out a carving, a sketch. Roughing rolls, rolls for reducing, in a rough manner, a bloom of iron to bars.
– To rough it, to endure hard conditions of living; to live without ordinary comforts.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
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23 November 2024
THEORETICAL
(adjective) concerned primarily with theories or hypotheses rather than practical considerations; âtheoretical scienceâ
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