defacement, disfigurement, disfiguration, mutilation
(noun) the act of damaging the appearance or surface of something; “the defacement of an Italian mosaic during the Turkish invasion”; “he objected to the dam’s massive disfigurement of the landscape”
mutilation
(noun) an injury that causes disfigurement or that deprives you of a limb or other important body part
Source: WordNet® 3.1
mutilation (countable and uncountable, plural mutilations)
The act of mutilating or the state of being mutilated.
• female genital mutilation
• male genital mutilation
• ultimation
Source: Wiktionary
Mu`ti*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. mutilatio: cf. F. mutilation.]
Definition: The act of mutilating, or the state of being mutilated; deprivation of a limb or of an essential part.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
10 June 2025
(noun) the discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.); “communications is his major field of study”
The first coffee-house in Mecca dates back to the 1510s. The beverage was in Turkey by the 1530s. It appeared in Europe circa 1515-1519 and was introduced to England by 1650. By 1675 the country had more than 3,000 coffee houses, and coffee had replaced beer as a breakfast drink.
