Some 16th-century Italian clergymen tried to ban coffee because they believed it to be “satanic.” However, Pope Clement VII loved coffee so much that he lifted the ban and had coffee baptized in 1600.
DUNNING
DUN
dun
(verb) make a dun color
dun
(verb) cure by salting; “dun codfish”
dun
(verb) persistently ask for overdue payment; “The grocer dunned his customers every day by telephone”
torment, rag, bedevil, crucify, dun, frustrate
(verb) treat cruelly; “The children tormented the stuttering teacher”
Source: WordNet® 3.1
Proper noun
Dunning (plural Dunnings)
A surname.
Statistics
• According to the 2010 United States Census, Dunning is the 3330th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 10784 individuals. Dunning is most common among White (80.64%) and Black/African American (13.82%) individuals.
Verb
dunning
present participle of dun
Noun
dunning (countable and uncountable, plural dunnings)
Attempt to collect a debt.
He asked his attorney to send her a dunning letter.
Source: Wiktionary
DUN
Dun, n. Etym: [See Dune.]
Definition: A mound or small hill.
Dun, v. t.
Definition: To cure, as codfish, in a particular manner, by laying them, after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with salt grass or some like substance.
Dun, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Dunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Dunning.] Etym: [AS. dyne noise, dynian to make a noise, or fr. Icel. dynr, duna, noise, thunder, duna to thunder; the same word as E. din. Din.]
Definition: To ask or beset, as a debtor, for payment; to urge importunately. Hath she sent so soon to dun Swift.
Dun, n.
1. One who duns; a dunner. To be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally dun. Arbuthnot.
2. An urgent request or demand of payment; as, he sent his debtor a dun.
Dun, a. Etym: [AS. dunn. of Celtic origin; cf. W. dwn, Ir. & Gael. donn.]
Definition: Of a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color; swarthy. Summer's dun cloud comes thundering up. Pierpont. Chill and dun Falls on the moor the brief November day. Keble. Dun crow (Zoöl.), the hooded crow; -- so called from its color; -- also called hoody, and hoddy.
– Dun diver (Zoöl.), the goosander or merganser.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
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5 June 2025
UNDERLAY
(verb) raise or support (the level of printing) by inserting a piece of paper or cardboard under the type; “underlay the plate”
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