There are four varieties of commercially viable coffee: Arabica, Liberica, Excelsa, and Robusta. Growers predominantly plant the Arabica species. Although less popular, Robusta tastes slightly more bitter and contains more caffeine.
CROSS
crabbed, crabby, cross, fussy, grouchy, grumpy, bad-tempered, ill-tempered
(adjective) annoyed and irritable
hybridization, hybridisation, crossbreeding, crossing, cross, interbreeding, hybridizing
(noun) (genetics) the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids
hybrid, crossbreed, cross
(noun) (genetics) an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock; especially offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties or breeds or species; âa mule is a cross between a horse and a donkeyâ
Cross
(noun) a representation of the structure on which Jesus was crucified; used as an emblem of Christianity or in heraldry
cross
(noun) a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece
crisscross, cross, mark
(noun) a marking that consists of lines that cross each other
cross, crown of thorns
(noun) any affliction that causes great suffering; âthat is his cross to bearâ; âhe bears his afflictions like a crown of thornsâ
crossbreed, cross, hybridize, hybridise, interbreed
(verb) breed animals or plants using parents of different races and varieties; âcross a horse and a donkeyâ; âMendel tried crossbreedingâ; âthese species do not interbreedâ
cross
(verb) trace a line through or across; âcross your âtââ
traverse, track, cover, cross, pass over, get over, get across, cut through, cut across
(verb) travel across or pass over; âThe caravan covered almost 100 miles each dayâ
cross
(verb) meet and pass; âthe trains crossedâ
cross
(verb) fold so as to resemble a cross; âshe crossed her legsâ
intersect, cross
(verb) meet at a point
thwart, queer, spoil, scotch, foil, cross, frustrate, baffle, bilk
(verb) hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of; âWhat ultimately frustrated every challenger was Ruthâs amazing September surgeâ; âfoil your opponentâ
cross, traverse, span, sweep
(verb) to cover or extend over an area or time period; âRivers traverse the valley floorâ; âThe parking lot spans 3 acresâ; âThe novel spans three centuriesâ
Source: WordNet® 3.1
Etymology
Noun
cross (plural crosses)
A geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other.
(heraldiccharge) Any geometric figure having this or a similar shape, such as a cross of Lorraine or a Maltese cross.
A wooden post with a perpendicular beam attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to execute criminals (by crucifixion).
(usually with the) The cross on which Christ was crucified.
(Christianity) A hand gesture made in imitation of the shape of the Cross.
(Christianity) A modified representation of the crucifixion stake, worn as jewellery or displayed as a symbol of religious devotion.
(figurative, from Christ's bearing of the cross) A difficult situation that must be endured.
The act of going across; the act of passing from one side to the other
(biology) An animal or plant produced by crossbreeding or cross-fertilization.
(by extension) A hybrid of any kind.
(boxing) A hook thrown over the opponent's punch.
(football) A pass in which the ball travels from by one touchline across the pitch.
A place where roads intersect and lead off in four directions; a crossroad (common in UK and Irish place names such as Gerrards Cross).
A monument that marks such a place. (Also common in UK or Irish place names such as Charing Cross)
(obsolete) A coin stamped with the figure of a cross, or that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in general.
(obsolete, Ireland) Church lands.
A line drawn across or through another line.
(surveying) An instrument for laying of offsets perpendicular to the main course.
A pipe-fitting with four branches whose axes usually form a right angle.
(Rubik's Cube)Â Four edge cubies of one side that are in their right places, forming the shape of a cross.
(cartomancy) The thirty-sixth Lenormand card.
Synonyms
• (production of cross-breeding or -fertilization): hybrid
• (cross on which Christ was crucified): True Cross
Adjective
cross (comparative crosser, superlative crossest)
Transverse; lying across the main direction.
(archaic) Opposite, opposed to.
(now, rare) Opposing, adverse; being contrary to what one would hope or wish for.
Bad-tempered, angry, annoyed.
Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged.
Synonyms
• (opposite to): contrarily, opposed, reverse, antipodal
• (mildly angry): angry, annoyed, irritated
Preposition
cross
(archaic) across
cross product of the previous vector and the following vector.
Verb
cross (third-person singular simple present crosses, present participle crossing, simple past and past participle crossed)
To make or form a cross.
To place across or athwart; to cause to intersect.
To lay or draw something across, such as a line.
To mark with an X.
To write lines at right angles.W
(reflexive, to cross oneself) To make the sign of the cross over oneself.
To move relatively.
(transitive) To go from one side of (something) to the other.
(intransitive) To travel in a direction or path that will intersect with that of another.
(transitive) To pass, as objects going in an opposite direction at the same time.
(sports) Relative movement by a player or of players.
(cricket, reciprocally) Of both batsmen, to pass each other when running between the wickets in order to score runs.
(football) To pass the ball from one side of the pitch to the other side.
(rugby) To score a try.
(social) To oppose.
(transitive) To contradict (another) or frustrate the plans of.
(transitive, obsolete) To interfere and cut off ; to debar.
(legal) To conduct a cross examination; to question a hostile witness.
(biology) To cross-fertilize or crossbreed.
(transitive) To stamp or mark (a cheque) in such a way as to prevent it being cashed, thus requiring it to be deposited into a bank account.
Synonyms
• (to cross-fertilize or crossbreed): cross-fertilize, crossbreed
Hyponyms
• crisscross
Proper noun
Cross
(Christianity) Alternative spelling of cross; sometimes used when referring to the historical cross on which Jesus died
Synonyms
• Holy Cross
• True Cross
Proper noun
Cross
A topographic surname for someone who lived near a stone cross on a road.
Source: Wiktionary
Cross (krs; 115), n. Etym: [OE. crois, croys, cros; the former fr. OF. crois, croiz, F. croix, fr. L. crux; the second is perh. directly fr. Prov. cros, crotz. fr. the same L. crux; cf. Icel. kross. Cf. Crucial, Crusade, Cruise, Crux.]
1. A gibbet, cosisting of two pieces of timber placed transversely upon one another, in various forms, as a T, or +, with the horizontal piece below the upper end of the upright, or as an X. It was anciently used in the execution of criminals. Nailed to the cross By his own nation. Milton.
2. The sign or mark of the cross, made with the finger, or in ink, etc., or actually represented in some material; the symbol of Christ's death; the ensign and chosen symbol of Christianity, of a Christian people, and of Christendom. The custom of making the sign of the cross with the hand or finger, as a means of conferring blessing or preserving from evil, is very old. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. Before the cross has waned the crescent's ray. Sir W. Scott. Tis where the cross is preached. Cowper.
3. Affiction regarded as a test of patience or virtue; trial; disappointment; opposition; misfortune. Heaven prepares a good man with crosses. B. Jonson.
4. A piece of money stamped with the figure of a cross, also, that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in general. I should bear no cross if I did bear you; for I think you have no money in your purse. Shak.
5. An appendage or ornament or anything in the form of a cross; a badge or ornamental device of the general shape of a cross; hence, such an ornament, even when varying considerably from that form; thus, the Cross of the British Order of St. George and St. Michael consist of a central medallion with seven arms radiating from it.
6. (Arch.)
Definition: A monument in the form of a cross, or surmounted bu a cross, set up in a public place; as, a market cross; a boundary cross; Charing Cross in London. Dun-Edin's Cross, a pillared stone, Rose on a turret octagon. Sir W. Scott.
7. (Her.)
Definition: A common heraldic bearing, of which there are many varieties. See the Illustration, above.
8. The crosslike mark or symbol used instead of a signature by those unable to write. Five Kentish abbesses . . . .subscribed their names and crosses. Fuller.
9. Church lands. [Ireland] [Obs.] Sir J. Davies.
10. A line drawn across or through another line.
11. Hence: A mixing of breeds or stock, especially in cattle breeding; or the product of such intermixture; a hybrid of any kind. Toning down the ancient Viking into a sort of a cross between Paul Jones and Jeremy Diddler. Lord Dufferin.
12. (Surveying)
Definition: An instrument for laying of offsets perpendicular to the main course.
13. (Mech.)
Definition: A pipe-fitting with four branches the axes of which usually form's right angle. Cross and pile, a game with money, at which it is put to chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up which bears the cross, or the other, which is called pile, or reverse; the game called heads or tails.
– Cross bottony or bottonĂ©. See under Bottony.
– Cross estoilĂ© (Her.). a cross, each of whose arms is pointed like the ray of a star; that is, a star having four long points only.
– Cross of Calvary. See Calvary, 3.
– Southern cross. (Astron.) See under Southern.
– To do a thing on the cross, to act dishonestly; -- opposed to acting on the square. [Slang] -- To take up the cross, to bear troubles and afflictions with patience from love to Christ.
Cross (krs), a.
1. Not parallel; lying or falling athwart; transverse; oblique; intersecting. The cross refraction of the second prism. Sir I. Newton.
2. Not accordant with what is wished or expected; interrupting; adverse; contrary; thwarting; perverse. "A cross fortune." Jer. Taylor. The cross and unlucky issue of my design. Glanvill. The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvelously cross to the common experience of mankind. South. We are both love's captives, but with fates so cross, One must be happy by the other's loss. Dryden.
3. Characterized by, or in a state of, peevishness, fretfullness, or ill humor; as, a cross man or woman. He had received a cross answer from his mistress. Jer. Taylor.
4. Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged; as, cross interrogatories; cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other. Cross action (Law), an action brought by a party who is sued against the person who has sued him, upon the same subject matter, as upon the same contract. Burrill.
– Cross aisle (Arch.), a transept; the lateral divisions of a cruciform church.
– Cross axie. (a) (Mach.) A shaft, windlass, or roller, worked by levers at opposite ends, as in the copperplate printing press. (b) A driving axle. with cranks set at an angle of 90Âș with each other.
– Cross bedding (Geol.), oblique lamination of horizontal beds, -- Cross bill. See in the Vocabulary.
– Cross bitt. Same as Crosspiece.
– Cross bond, a form of bricklaying, in which the joints of one stretcher course come midway between those of the stretcher courses above and below, a course of headers and stretchers intervening. See Bond, n., 8.
– Cross breed. See in the Vocabulary.
– Cross breeding. See under Breeding.
– Cross buttock, a particular throw in wrestling; hence, an unexpected defeat or repulse. Smollet.
– Cross country, across the country; not by the road. "The cross- country ride." Cowper.
– Cross fertilization, the fertilization of the female products of one physiological individual by the male products of another, -- as the fertilization of the ovules of one plant by pollen from another. See Fertilization.
– Cross file, a double convex file, used in dressing out the arms or crosses of fine wheells.
– Cross fire (Mil.), lines of fire, from two or more points or places, crossing each other.
– Cross forked. (Her.) See under Forked.
– Cross frog. See under Frog.
– Cross furrow, a furrow or trench cut across other furrows to receive the water running in them and conduct it to the side of the field.
– Cross handle, a handle attached transversely to the axis of a tool, as in the augur. Knight.
– Cross lode (Mining), a vein intersecting the true or principal lode.
– Cross purpose. See Cross-purpose, in the Vocabulary.
– Cross reference, a reference made from one part of a book or register to another part, where the same or an allied subject is treated of.
– Cross sea (Naut.), a chopping sea, in which the waves run in contrary directions.
– Cross stroke, a line or stroke across something, as across the letter t.
– Cross wind, a side wind; an unfavorable wind.
– Cross wires, fine wires made to traverse the field of view in a telescope, and moved by a screw with a graduated head, used for delicate astronomical observations; spider lines. Fixed cross wires are also used in microscopes, etc.
Syn.
– Fretful; peevish. See Fretful.
Cross, prep.
Definition: Athwart; across. [Archaic or Colloq.] A fox was taking a walk one night cross a village. L'Estrange. To go cross lots, to go across the fields; totake a short cut. [Colloq.]
Cross, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crossed (krst; 115); p. pr. & vb. n. Crossing.]
1. To put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; as, to cross the arms.
2. To lay or draw something, as a line, across; as, to cross the letter t.
3. To pass from one side to the other of; to pass or move over; to traverse; as, to cross a stream. A hunted hare . . . crosses and confounds her former track. I. Watts.
4. To pass, as objects going in an opposite direction at the same time. "Your kind letter crossed mine." J. D. Forbes.
5. To run counter to; to thwart; to obstruct; to hinder; to clash or interfere with. In each thing give him way; cross him in nothing. Shak. An oyster may be crossed onlove. Sheridan.
6. To interfere and cut off; to debar. [Obs.] To cross me from the golden time I look for. Shak.
7. To make the sign of the cross upon; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun; as, he crossed himself.
8. To cancel by marking crosses on or over, or drawing a line across; to erase; -- usually with out, off, or over; as, to cross out a name.
9. To cause to interbreed; -- said of different stoocks or races; to mix the breed of. To cross one's path, to oppose one's plans. Macualay.
Cross, v. i.
1. To lie or be athwart.
2. To move or pass from one side to the other, or from place to place; to make a transit; as, to cross from New York to Liverpool.
3. To be inconsistent. [Obs.] Men's actions do not always cross with reason. Sir P. Sidney.
4. To interbreed, as races; to mix distinct breeds. If two individuals of distinct races cross, a third is invariably produced different from either. Coleridge.
Source: Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary 1913 Edition
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